Electroencephalography, or EEG, monitors brain activity through the skull.

Electromyography, or EMG, is used to diagnose nerve and muscle dysfunction and spinal cord disease.

Nerve conduction velocity (NCV) test is a measurement of the speed of conduction of an electrical impulse through a nerve.

A carotid artery duplex scan is a type of vascular ultrasound study done to assess the blood flow of the arteries that supply blood from the heart through the neck to the brain.

Vascular studies are a noninvasive (the skin is not pierced) procedure used to assess the blood flow in arteries and veins.

Evoked potentials studies measure electrical activity in the brain in response to stimulation of sight, sound, or touch.